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最新章节： 第521章 武林笼中对 （ 2024-05-18 08:41:26）
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苏秀柔Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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李宜希自从08年春节后，对着一张环安纳普尔纳地图，琢磨了一年的计划，终于实践。纯FB游记。致力于省钱省时间的，希望证明自己意志与体能的，就不要继续看了，hoho。时间计划是：7天北京到樟木——如果碰到传说的聂拉木大雪，延长2天。26天环安大环＋9天ABC。5天加都樟木拉萨回北京。理论上，1个半月时间足够了，包含了聂拉木／佗龙垭口附近足够的机动时间。我和郭彦，诺诺在拼命加班三个月后，携LG沈健加入。又买了一些装备，食品——这次坚决不能在路上天天吃炒饭炒面——苦等5天火车票，出发！实际行程是：26日大年初一晚上上火车，2月1日进入尼泊尔到加都。2月3日开始徒步行程。2月13日到达冰错。2月16日穿越佗龙垭口。2月18日到达Tatopani。2月19日诺诺和沈健回博卡拉，继续加都，继续飞回北京。我们开始ABC。2月24日到ABC。2月28日回到加都。3月3日飞机回北京建议用Safari或者Firefox看图，激活色彩管理。图都是Adobe RGB 1998的Profile。费用统计：西藏2421（食宿/公用物资）＋1660（火车票）＝4081元樟木兑换，11.66Rs 100000＝8576元加都兑换，11.5Rs 23000＝2000元加都兑换，11.75Rs 80000＝6808元加都兑换，11.75Rs 5875＝500元机票9＝3136x2＝6272元加都酒店0＝205分手前欠款，11.66Rs 6322.5＝542元（回北京还沈健人民币）以上共计28984元（其中不包括北京购买的公用物资，如食品等）其中：Rs 71800/11.75＝6110元购买装备Rs 10000/11.75＝850元购买书籍实际通用开销为22024元。每人11012元。从樟木到加都到大环线到ABC到回加都，每人花5835.5元。 Day -6/7：火车到拉萨好不容易整出4张北京到拉萨的火车票，卧铺/上下各2张，大包小包滴奔向了自由——自从确认出发日期后，在北京天天呆着觉得超级不踏实。梦想了快一年的尼泊尔大环线，终于开拔了。火车上，东吃西吃，聊天打牌，好在4个人，方便消磨时光。第2天刚过西宁，沈健高反了！我们觉得是吃多了豆子（我们带了一大罐子许多种、乱七八糟叫不上名字的豆子），沈健跟我抢着吃，结果，吃多了。但他一天就好了，号称是每次都是这样。第2天晚上8点到了拉萨，老朋友藏族司机平错来接站，不过没开他的车，而是请了新朋友巴桑。平错说，去年生意太差了，他干脆就没开车，去云南玩去了。巴桑说，就开了3次珠峰1次阿里，惨淡啊！好在每个司机政府给补偿了4000元。与巴桑谈好价格和路线，商量好，根据大家状态，明天再决定最后的出发时间。找酒店可累了，沈健无比钟情的东措给了他一盆冷水，原来电话上说不用预定，现在则一个合适的房间都没有了。巴桑带我们开车到平错青年，我特别不愿意住这里，印像太差，幸好，满员了！接着就转到斜对面，一家叫吉曲的，一看，房间大，装饰好，有空调，有热水，独立卫生间，按照沈健的口头语：体面！房价160块，住！不知为什么，我和郭彦的房间超大，大的坏处就是，冷，同时空调还不灵光。晚饭没什么地方去，东措不开门，陌生人干脆就over了，于是岗拉梅朵。坐在餐厅后面的位子，从厨房门帘后面串出来小风，够冷。 大环路上洗澡不方便，大家都秃了吧！！！！郭彦起初不乐意，打听到假发狠便宜后，立刻去买了两个，一个长发，一个短发。然后回家就剃度了。到目前，假发，就带了两次，因为捂脑袋上太热。而经过大环后，郭彦超喜欢短发了，因为头皮永远是那么清爽。偷偷打情骂俏护肤！！！！！进口的啤酒啊！这个酒鬼！！！！！！！！！早饭。“师傅，能多给碗粥吗？”“可以！”惨啊！4个人买两碗，再讨要两碗，平均一人一碗！但是有许多橙子，补充足够的维生素。没带够，没一天，就吃光了。北京西站，杨子荣的姿势准火车食品这是什么意思啊！！！！！！大白天的！！！！！！！还有那么多乘客呢！！！！！！！！一只带角的灰毛Yak，一只不带角的黑毛Yak。车到西宁，停车，换车头。天气不冷，但据说刚下了场大雪。西宁车站，停了30多分钟。到餐车点蔬菜。填写铁道部免责声明。晚饭，方便面＋著名的牛街聚宝源的牛腱子！口水啊！想念北京！沈健开始高反了，哈哈！躺了！凌晨4点到达格尔木。又停车，换了3个连一起的车头。据说从西宁开始，就是柴油机头了。还来了一队大粪车（7、8辆），从列车上将已经存积了一天多的粪便都收走。我被劣质口哨上的温度计骗了，它显示-3度，其实估计要-10度左右。我耍了30多分钟，导致身体防御机能下降。 小毛毛已经开始长出来辣！半夜惊魂！！！！！！！！这样两个家伙，在樟木口岸被祖国的女边检人员审查长达5分钟的出境手续。“从哪里来？”“拉萨。”“什么民族？”“汉族。”最后边检人员冒出这么一句：“最近是流行这样的发型吗？”天亮了，看到雪了沈健好了！青藏公路上都是飞雪和薄冰。海拔高了。火车车厢连接处有海拔显示，开始我们还对这它校对我们的手表。后来发现，两节车厢相邻3米的海拔表竟然数据相差50米！校对？还是算了吧！馒头＋肉松！！！晒晒脚丫子车厢连接处门上的玻璃冰封的错那湖＋错那河这些人，不玩桥牌，不玩拖拉机，只好睡觉，无聊啊！以为这个是纳木错对面的念青唐古拉，拿起相机猛拍，雪壁狠漂亮！为什么一拍照，就要龇牙咧嘴的呢？青藏线沿途的电线杆子狠厉害，这些东西是啥材料整的？绕到雪壁后面，感觉不是念青唐古拉。这个才是，7111米的念青唐古拉主峰。Day -5：拉萨生病半夜狠不舒服，冻死了。早晨去吃早点，平错对面的永和关门了，又转到南边街上找个铺子吃了油条豆浆，回酒店我就不行了，浑身发冷。诺诺说我们房间太大了，又晒不到太阳，不行！需要立刻换房间。于是，我先住诺诺他们那里，他们的房间能更早一点晒到太阳，空调也管用。钻进睡袋，开水壶捂脚，晒太阳，吃了药，才觉得暖和过来。给巴桑电话说，明天不能出发，后天走。我觉得从老定日开始，一堆事情，别累病了耽误大环，还是在拉萨多稳定一天再说。下午觉得好多了，到花园中晒太阳，喝甜茶。晚饭又去了岗拉梅朵，这次狠不满意，4个菜，第一个与最后一个上菜的时间相差1小时零20分钟，催菜我们就催了8遍，最后服务员还还嘴说他们忙，他们狠辛苦。哎，生意好了就这样了，没办法，决定以后不来了。入夜，体温上升，一度达到38.2，肯定是下午和晚上乱窜折腾的，于是下了一片退烧药，祈祷着，天啊，千万别出问啊！宾馆的院落非常漂亮，晒太阳很合适，超级安静。与其他朋友再次会合，给我们拍了集体照，很像地主＋姨太秃头合影诺诺第一次来拉萨，与沈健出去转，发现这样一只猫我借了酒店一个暖壶。这个东西不知道拉萨的人怎么称呼，我比划了半天，她们才知道我要暖壶。我后面这个人，想要干什么？G9上树。山寨章鱼，挺好用晒晒头皮，消除包包这个花园的问就是，临到下午晚些时候，要随着阳光的变化而整体移动桌子和椅子，以便得到最合理的日照从酒店房间的窗户望出去Day -4：拉萨养病凌晨，体温表到了37.2度。今天，啥也不敢干了，起来后，发现体温降到36.8，吃了郭彦买回来的粥，继续在房间内晒太阳。保持了一上午，体温降到36.2。幸亏郭彦带了一只拿手机话费积分换的速测的体温表，不然真瞎米了。中午喝粥，下午房间内晒太阳。但是还是想溜达一下，于是，沿街专门找有太阳晒到的地方走，去光明甜茶馆买壶甜茶，300米的路，为了晒到太阳，我过了4次马路。晚上，不出去吃了，各个饭馆都太冷。于是出主意，让沈健到对面川菜大排挡点些菜回来，郭彦再去买点粥，回来在房间中吃，哈哈，其饭菜效果竟然大家都超级满意，还超级省钱。体温36.5以下，踏实了，明天可以安全出发。Day -3_01：美丽的羊湖与危机中的冰川早晨6点半起床，7点巴桑准时来酒店滴敲我们的房门，随后大家上了车。拉萨还黑蒙蒙的，街上仅仅点着路灯。巴桑给我们带到了24小时营业的玉包子，20分钟早饭，接着就杀向羊湖。没走多远，就碰到了车祸，一辆比我们出发更早的4500，巴桑坚定滴认为那是一辆拉着客人的旅游车，撞死了一个行人。4500横在路边，行人横尸路中央。“奇怪了，大早上的，这个人怎么走到路中间去了。”心中庆幸并坚定着不走夜路的原则。沿拉萨河西南方向行进，贡嘎机场在我们远远滴南侧。过曲水后，过桥走到南岸，就开始了爬升。没多久，沿盘山路就上到了羊湖，4400了。太阳刚出来不久，羊湖还不是那种绿绿的颜色。气温还可以，但是风狠硬。车继续向前下山，转到湖边，我一指湖边的小路：“我们能下去吗？”巴桑毫不犹豫滴开了下去，太好了，我喜欢巴桑了！羊湖西面远处是白雪覆盖的海拔7191米的宁金岗桑峰，静静滴耸立在湖面上方。它也是拉轨岗日山脉主峰，在它后面就是卡若拉冰川。看地图，其实我们日常看到的羊湖，仅仅是它一条东北到西南向的狭长的局部，湖面最多是羊湖全部的1/10吧。湖边的冰狠有趣，竟然是一片一片的薄片叠加在一起的。而最漂亮的是湖边的泥地与湖面上，有许多晨起寻食的各种鸟，雁、鸭子、乱七八糟的7、8种。如同内蒙的一样，鸟非常警惕，我一身黑衣服滴慢慢溜达过去，鸟就慢慢滴顺着波浪离岸边越来越远。如果我冲刺过去，干脆，就飞了！接着杀向冰川，考！太可怕了！比前年我来的时候，少了一大块！巴桑说，今年真的好小啊！日喀则，藏餐厅都关门过年了，只能继续玉包子。沈健点多了菜，太多了，太体面了。结果是菜打包，打算晚上在老定日吃。问来了，没有气罐——我们买了八宝粥作为早餐，还有备用的酸辣粉。想到在老定日让店家给我们热食物和水，也许狠麻烦，就到对面的探路者户外店买气罐。最普通的罐子，开价35，但号称是高山罐。我和沈健连咋呼带还价，40块买了两个。每个比内地贵了5块，感觉超值了！赶快跑，别等服务员明白过来再追出来。羊湖。。。。。 今天起得有点早啊！路过的藏民上香祈福下到了湖边 偷偷前进，还是被湖边的鸟发现了。始终保持着与我等距，我靠近湖，它们就远离岸。湖边的冰狠奇怪啊琢磨半天，原来这两块牌子仅仅是音译的不同松枝烧起来当作香。但我闻这个味道，实在是受不了。消退的冰川白塔上.......Day -3_02：与日本驴友讲英文，差点高反！路上只碰到一辆4500，应该就是与豆子与胖子的车，她们比我们晚出发1个多小时，但我们太磨蹭，后来被超。没走多久就进入风沙区，从没有见过藏区这么大尘土。许多田地都刚刚翻了土，阵风过来，扬起几十米。半路休息买矿泉水，小店只有小瓶的，还骗我，说都过年去了，别的店不开门。我不甘心——小瓶太贵了——拐弯走了30米就是另外一个店，大瓶才卖小瓶的钱，心中暗骂前面那个女店主，黑心死你吧！很快就到了新定日，我们直接穿镇而过，10分钟后就到了边防检查站，豆子与胖子的4500已经早就到了。大家纷纷下车进入房间出示证件的时候，2男1女，从前面的4500过来，用异样的英语问我们，谁会说英语。沈健狠可恶，诺诺明明在他身边站着，他连眼睛都没眨一下，抬手就指我：“他！”结果，我不得不以中国人无私的精神来care一下这3个貌似日本籍的驴友。一个男的说，是否司机愿意给他们送到扎西宗。我问了后，回答，从老定日再往返，太远了，司机去不了，我们走的是樟木方向，不去扎西宗。“我们就是去樟木！”一个男孩说。“你们不是去珠峰吗？扎西宗和樟木不是一个方向。”“那我们就不去珠峰了，我们去樟木。”“你们去樟木干什么？”“我们.......”“你最好往回走，等明天，搭车去扎西宗。”“我们可以去樟木。”“那你们不去珠峰了？”“我们没有permission，去不了珠峰，我们过不了这个检查站。所以我们要去樟木。”考！“你们没有permission，过不了这个检查站，你们一样去不了樟木啊。”太阳离地平线只有30分钟的路程了，我已经受不了那个风了，回车里带上抓绒帽子。找来纸笔，给他们画了个地图，问他们，到底是去樟木还是珠峰。边检站的小战士也过来了，围一起看热闹。“他们没有汽车，怎么到的这里啊？”我赶快问小战士，琢磨着这几个怪胎是怎么冒出来的。“他们搭农民的车来的。现在想走着走。”“那他们只有护照，能去珠峰不？”小战士打了个电话回来说，可以的。“你们可以去珠峰，但是现在没有车，你往回走10KM，到定日住，明早买了珠峰门票后，再找车再走吧。”“我们有门票，有门票！”靠，我实在是郁闷了！“我们还是要去珠峰。那我们可以走过去吗？”“从这里去扎西宗40分钟汽车，你们要走8个小时才行。现在下午5点了，你们会冻死在半路的。”我一边说一边低头看，考，这3个一身休闲装，两个人背个30L的包，还瘪了吧唧的，另一个女生，拖个拉杆箱。“那我们去樟木。”“你去珠峰啊，去樟木干什么？？？？？？？？？”“那我们可以走着去扎西宗。”“太远了，你走不到啊，你会冻死的！”“你们坚决今天不能放这3个人过去，搭车也不行，他们太不靠谱了，如果冻死了，你们责任就大了！”我扭头对小战士们说。“对，一定今天不放他们过去！”3个小战士觉得我说得超级有道理。“你们搭车，或者走回去，走路只要1个小时。住！明天早上可以找到车的！”“我们回去只要走一个小时就能住？”“对！”“好，那我们走回去。”OK，至此，我觉得，有点头疼了！上车，沈健还埋怨我：“你真能侃啊！要日落了，我们抓紧去看日落！”“废话，这些人不是你发配给我的啊！累死我了，怎么都说不明白！”([]
小奶猫永久回家地址知乎
蔡军羽所属地区： 青海 门源 适合人群： 自驾族 出游难度： 轻松 适合天数： 1天 花费预算： 300元以下 人数5人 适合时间： 7月中旬 8月初 攻略： 青海 海北州 门源 油菜花 浩门镇 青石嘴 互助 仙米 十二盘 █ 导语： 站在达坂山的高处向两边看，从青石嘴一直到看不见的门源县城浩门镇，百里花海成就了波澜壮阔花的奇观。这里的山山水水都披上了多彩的外衣，金黄的油菜花地有时又抹上一片翠绿，色彩非常丰富饱满，大色块的简单构图让人遐想联翩，思绪飞扬。七月的金色门源，真正是一种大美无声 █ 正文： 提起中国观赏油菜花最美的地方，估计喜欢旅游的人都能说出几个，如江西婺源、云南罗平、青海湖等等。在我看来，这几个地方的油菜花都有其不同的特点，如江西婺源的油菜花，由于是种植在丘陵地带或村前屋后的，一般种植面积不大，而且零星分布，散落于村落房舍之间，其搭配小桥流水、白墙黛瓦所形成的景观，是一种小家碧玉的美，是一种温情柔弱的美；云南罗平的油菜花是滇东高原的一个胜景，金鸡峰一带漫山遍野的油菜花，因为当地独特的喀斯特地貌，秀峰、村舍、道路、溪流均融入花海之中，场面相当壮观绮丽；青海湖的油菜花绽放的背景是中国最大的内陆湖泊——青海湖，从而使那里的油菜花多了几分“底气”，油菜花种植在湖边路旁，几十公里绵延不绝，像黄色的花毯，似金色的绸缎，在湛蓝的湖水和飞舞的白云映衬下，让人感到炫目的美。金色与青色交织出的极富张力的画面 那么，门源的油菜花又有什么特点呢？简单地说，是一种震撼人心的美！ 地处青海北部的门源回族自治县，是北方小油菜的发源地，种植小油菜已经有1800年的历史了，是全国乃至全世界最大的小油菜种植区，种植面积达60万亩。每年7月，整个浩门川是一片的金黄，浓艳的黄花，北依祁连山，南靠达坂山，西起永安城，东到玉隆滩，绵延近百公里，就像一片无边无际的金色大海。 我们往青石嘴的方向走，爬过七旋八拐的盘山公路，穿过海拔3798米的达坂山(也叫大寒山)隧道，出得隧道哪一霎那，陡然间天际宽了，向下看一阵的美景夹杂着扑面而来的突然，绝对是让人眩晕。在观花台找在一处油菜花开比较漂亮的地方，走进花海，只觉得花香沁人心脾，让人陶醉。在微风的吹拂下，大片的油菜花像波浪一般上下起伏，沙沙作响的声音像在轻轻诉说，宛如欢快歌唱，使人烦乱的思绪即时安静下来，记得曾经听人家说过：常在花间走，活到九十九，这次是深有体会了。不过，这仅仅是门源油菜花美的开始，接下来所看到的油菜花宏大场面，着实让我们大开眼界。 在北方，提起油菜花，稍有点儿旅游经验的人都会想起青海省海北藏族自治州门源县，这里是北方小油菜生产基地，经过近年持续不断的努力，过去以种植油菜而大副提高了农民收入的青海省门源回族自治县，如今又把一片片油菜花变成了一旅游名牌，成为青海旅游的一大亮点。从每年的七月初开始，这里就进入了油菜花盛开的季节，开花时间是7月5日至25日，最佳花期是7月10日至20日。 处青海北部的门源县是北方小油菜发源地，是全国乃至全世界最大的小油菜种植区，种植面积达50万亩。但过去这里的油菜仅作为农作物，外界称其“门源油，天下流”。七月中旬，门源的油菜花竞相怒放，花景与当地的蓝天白云、高山流水、林海草原和独有的民居、蜂农等交相辉映，变幻出一道道独具特色的迷人风光，令无数游客迷醉其间。而门源也借此连续举办了十届油菜花文化旅游节，该节现已成为省内外颇有影响力的节日。2013年门源油菜花节的举办时间为7月18日-25日。 天空不作美，但是照顾我的人品，初到的时候天气不太好。 还是我的人品好，感动了上天，露出了蓝天白云 这是花海深处的蜂场，很壮观的，我是在车上照的。千万要注意安全哦！ 这个就不用多说了吧！哈哈！ 观花就要拍照，油菜花最大的特点是它的颜色，金黄一片，非常纯粹。选择在油菜花海里拍照有一个先天优势，无论穿什么颜色的衣服，都可于艳丽的油菜花搭配，穿着白色的衣服在金黄色的背景下会十分醒目，姑娘的肤色会显得格外的好看。拍摄油菜花照的最佳时间是细雨初停时，油菜花上挂着水珠，色彩最为鲜艳明润。拍照不仅要拍景物，更重要的是拍花海中的人。推荐两个地方，一个是青石嘴镇的元山观花台和县水泥厂对面的南山上，这里能全观浩门川的油菜花和常年积雪不化的冷龙岭及岗石卡雪峰，拍出来的照片将有春夏秋冬四季景色，背景层次极好；二是东部仙米林区，这里的不仅有漂亮的油菜花，还有原始森林，仙米峡谷，各种色块交织，色彩特别丰富。三是油菜花都是一丛一丛的，很矮，在油菜花海里面拍照，比较适合坐下，或者躺下，假如穿着白色婚纱拍照，将白色婚纱铺散在花丛中，很能突出女性的妩媚气质。拍照时挑选几套有动感的衣服，更加搭配周围的环境。有条件的朋友也可带一辆自行车或从当地朋友处借一辆，在花海中可以骑上一段，也可以作为道具。赶上个好天气，遇上金色门源最美的一面 推荐油菜花欣赏地点 1.从西宁到门源经过的青石嘴观花台，距离门源20公里左右，有个30多米高的小山坡，是观看花海绝佳的观赏地。如果你是坐班车前往，建议在青石嘴下车驻足欣赏后再继续搭班车前往门源 2.门源县水泥厂的南山坡，能够全观门源浩门川的油菜花和常年积雪不化的冷龙岭雪峰。拍出来的照片有黄花雪峰景色，但需要爬山，约40分钟。 3.如果想融入花海之中，就出县城向北山的方向去，沿田间道路走，路的两侧就是无边的油菜花，是一个低视角观赏花海的地方，海中观海，花香袭鼻，远处还有雪山作衬托。花田小憩，是很不错的享受 █ 景点介绍 门源油菜花位于青海省海北藏族自治州的门源县，是青海省及西北地区的主要油料产区，由此，这里的油菜花也成为了一种美丽而蔚为壮观的人造景观。另外，这里油菜花的种植范围是，它西起浩门河畔的青石嘴，东到大通河畔的玉隆滩，北到与甘肃省交界的冷龙岭，南至高峻的大坂山，绵延数十公里。夏日时节，走进青海门源回族自治县，恰如走进一幅浑然天成的油画。 景区地址：青海省海北州门源回族自治县 景区门票：无，观景台门票：30元/人 █ 当地住宿： 门源县住宿资源有限，相对西宁来说住宿条件一般，想留宿门源的话，可以住在浩门宾馆，或是裕华宾馆，都位于门源十字路口拐角处，很容易找到，相对来说，卫生条件还不错，间在100元/天左右。另外车站附近还有一些小旅馆双人间15元/晚。 推荐住宿 浩门宾馆 地址：海北门源县浩门镇东大街12号 电话：0970-8618008 裕华宾馆 地址：青海省海北州门源县西大街104 电话：0970-8610288 因为整个行程可以把西宁作为大本营来安排，而且通常去门源一天来回足够回到西宁，能在西宁住宿还是最好不过的，毕竟城市规模大，设施齐全，各方面都更加方便。西宁大十字附近有很多连锁旅馆，并且当地青旅也很多，较为经济实惠。 推荐住宿 青海西宁赞巴拉国际青年旅舍 地址：青海省西宁市城西区七一西路湟岸巷10号 价格：普通高低床 40元/床 联系：0971-8450801 推荐理由：赞巴拉青年旅舍是一家以摄影为主，热爱摄影、旅行、生活的人士为主要客源的文化交流型旅社。店内更有知名风光摄影师赞巴拉驻守(POCO摄影网总版主)，随时可以与其进行摄影交流。 西宁西庭客栈 地址：青海省西宁市城中区建材巷9号 价格：八人间 45元/床 联系：0971-8800915 18673601138 推荐理由：客栈经过我们倾心的打造，呈现的是藏式装修并融入现代彩绘墙的风格。我们客栈是青年驴友沟通与交流的平台；我们提供安全、卫生、经济的住所；我们用心筑造我们的理想，欢迎来自远方的朋友。 西宁青海行青年旅舍 地址：青海省西宁市城中区民主街4、56号(大十字西大街口) 价格：两人间 100元/间 联系：13639751730 / 31 /02 推荐理由：旅舍环境干净整洁，气氛温馨和谐，安全系统规范。出则繁华：中心广场、水井巷、莫家街均半径500m辐射圈内；便捷的公关交通，可快捷的抵达繁华商业中心和市区各景点。 青海恒裕国际青年旅舍 地址：青海省西宁市城东区为民巷13号(马步芳公馆) 价格：淡季 双人间 80元 联系：0971-5223399 推荐理由：客栈座落在国家AAAA级景区马步芳公馆景区中，占地面积近1600平方米，拥有近120张床位，最有特色的就是藏式多人间，藏式风格让您有不一样的体验。当地饮食： 门源餐饮是典型的西北风格，推荐到县城最豪华的浩云饭店，这家清真饭店的菜量很大，菜做得地道，味道好，卫生也不错，是街头小店不能相比的。 推荐餐饮 浩云饭店 地址：门源回族自治县西大街22号 电话：0970-8618008 门源当地特色小吃 到了门源，就一定尝尝要门源的风味小吃。门源的小吃名闻遐迩。凡来门源旅游过的人，无不怀念门源的风味小吃。一道普通的菜，一碗平常的青稞面饭，都会在门源人的手里变得格外生动和有味。 奶皮 奶皮是门源回族的特产，是牛奶制品中最可口的营养食品。它主要用犏牛奶制作。其方法是鲜牛奶入锅煮熟后，控制火候、用秸干草皮微火，烘煮、不搅动，使水分慢慢蒸发，奶汁浓缩在锅底凝结成圆形奶饼，用擀面杖轻轻挑起，折成半圆，放阴凉处阴干既成。奶皮纯黄夹白，油渍点点，蜂窝沙孔满布，切成菱形放入盘内即可食用。色彩清新迷人，入口奶油溢香，酥柔味美，不油不腻，不但可供日常食用，而且还是待客馈赠的上品。目前，麻莲乡奶皮加工坊，对农户制作的奶皮进行了真空防腐包装，便携宜存，是当地知名的品牌。 背口袋 背口袋是土族人民比较讲究的食品之一。每当节日、婚礼或家里来了客人用它来接待。其操作过程是用清油烙煎饼，荨麻叶和面，加上香油、葱花、调料等煮熟成糊状，然后摊在而饼上卷紧，折叠过来，盛在盘中让客人享用。这种哈力海，其味清香独特，当地汉语形象地称其为“背口袋”。 酩流子酒 “八仙的个桌子上哟——哟，我们吃一杯子尕酩流吧哟——哟，怎么样的吃来吧怎么样的喝呀，也不醉来吧呀哟——哟……”这是青海民间小调《尕老汉》中的一段唱词。土族民间有个传说，说很早以前土族的先祖布勒黑汗上天取青稞种子，下海捉水牛。在了阔肥沃的土地上第一次种下了种子。夏秋丰收，打下的青稞放满了板栅，生活是富裕了，但这种日子中又感到缺些什么，人们懒洋洋地躺在山坡上唱歌，总是鼓不起劲，提不起神。于是布勒黑汗便在威远堡打了一口井，将水浇在板栅里，这样过了一个月，板栅里滴下了一滴滴的明亮亮琼浆，香气溢满了千家万户，人们喝一口，嗓门清亮声传十里，喝两口像久旱的青苗逢甘露，热血沸腾，激清荡漾，后来，他们就学会酩流子酒的酿制。 节庆之前，门源地区的土族、汉族、藏族人家都要自酿酩流酒一些来待客。此酒色清而性平，酒度偏低，喝起来软而不烈，稍甜而不辣，主人就用碗倒了敬客，加上桌子上一大盘子的手抓羊肉，真可以体验“大碗喝酒，大块吃肉”的梁山好汉们的豪情。 酿皮 在门源的街道上到处可以看到买酿皮的小摊子，一张桌子几条凳子，小橱框里边的摊主手持菜刀，啪啪几下，将酿皮切成细条、抓到盘内，再抓些面筋，放上盐、醋、味精、芥茉、辣子等，就可以食用。酿皮的制作很费时间，先和好了面，和入蓬灰水(民间用蓬草烧制的弱碱)后揉得筋到，然后将面团放入清水盆中，慢慢捏拿，直至面尽，留下面筋，再将面汁舀入盘中，和面筋一起或蒸或馏，做成酿皮。弱碱量稍大者为褐黄色，不放弱碱或少放弱碱者为嫩黄色，褐色的肥厚，嫩黄的薄柔，各有其味。这种酸辣可口的快餐，尤受女子们的青睐。 酸奶 酸奶是民间非常传统的奶制冷饮，营养丰富，助消化。 在门源，酸奶分农区和牧区两种。牧区的酸奶用牦牛奶制作。这种酸奶表层结为含奶油的黄色硬脂奶皮，扒开奶皮，软嫩粘稠的酸奶象豆腐脑一样洁白如雪，芳香扑鼻，入口，酸甜凉爽宜人，没有人不喜欢这个美味的。农区制作的酸奶主要用犏牛和黄牛奶制作。一般用小碗盛装，并在上面漓几点菜油。这种酸奶表层金黄，鲜嫩洁白，加上一勺白砂糖，味道酸中带甜，五元一碗，价廉质优、食用方便。 █ 行程规划 门源油菜花种植范围广泛，沿着G227国道到青石嘴镇，再到岗青公路沿线往东，一路上随处可见浩瀚壮丽的油菜花田景色。自驾本来就是游览青海风光的最佳方式，去门源看油菜花，自驾或者包车无疑也是最佳的游览观光方式。好处在于能够自由控制行程，在喜欢的景点可以安排合理的拍摄时间来拍摄。早上从西宁市出发，白天沿公路沿线游览油菜花，以门源县中心浩门镇为终点，一天可以走一个来回，傍晚回到西宁市，而且青海8点半左右天才黑，一天的游览时间可以安排的很充裕。 除了门源的油菜花之外，七月的青海仍有太多可以驻足流连欣赏的风光：青海藏传佛教第一大寺的塔尔寺，青海的高原明珠——青海湖，秀丽奇绝的卓尔山，中国的天空之镜——茶卡盐湖等等。七八月是青海旅游的最佳季节，远远的赶来青海，最好能够安排一周以上的时间来计划出行。一般来说，青海湖游览需要二到四天，塔尔寺半天，门源一天，茶卡盐湖半天，一周的行程安排的满满，整个行程将被美丽的青海景色装饰的五彩缤纷。 仙米森林公园是青海省面积最大的林区，公园覆盖门源县东川、仙米、珠固三个镇，南北宽55公里，东西长95公里，土地总面积14.8万公顷，1996年该公园被批准为省级森林公园，2003年升级为国家森林公园。由于受祁连山脉影响，仙米森林公园园区地表水和地下水资源都十分丰富，是南部多条黄河水系和北部多条内陆水系河流的发源地。仙米森林公园内古松苍柏，风光迷人。春夏之际，林木疏扶，繁华似锦；秋季，硕果摇金，层林尽染；及至冬季山头白雪皑皑，山坡松柏苍翠挺拔，堪称一块人间圣地。有雪龙红山、二郎神藏剑洞、三道峡及东海五色神湖等传说和藏族“华热”民俗风情以及仙米、珠固古寺。 景区地址：海北藏族自治州门源县东部，距西宁108公里本文重点照片为门源油菜花。这张只是去年秋天照的，此文是游记攻略。当天我们没有只是一路观景在仙米没有照照片。还请见谅 去门源看油菜花，一般是先乘飞机或火车抵达西宁，再包车、自驾或坐班车前往门源。西宁为青海省省会，青藏高原上最大的都市，交通便捷，拥有飞机、火车、汽车等多种交通方式。 到达西宁 飞机 西宁曹家堡机场位于西宁市中心以东，国内航线中飞往北京、西安的飞机每天都有航班；其余飞往上海、成都、重庆、格尔木、广州、昆明、深圳、乌鲁木齐的航班不是每天都有，出发前需要咨询一下。 民航班车票价21元，终点站是市区的民航售票处，地址：城东八一西路34号。从曹家堡机场到民航售票处车程约30分钟，班次根据到达航班安排。从机场到市区坐出租车的价格在80元左右，所以人多的话不妨考虑出租车。 火车 西宁是兰青、青藏铁路交汇处，铁路交通四通八达，有直达拉萨、格尔木、北京、上海、西安和青岛等地的列车。省内有支线通往大通、柴达木、茶卡等地。西宁火车站位于西宁市的东部的祁连路上，靠近西宁长途汽车站。随着青藏铁路的贯通，西宁成为前往拉萨的一个重要的火车中转站，全国各地前往拉萨的火车大部分经停西宁，西宁至拉萨全程24小时左右，所有班次的发车时间都在下午4点以后发车。 西宁火车站现在一般指的是西宁西站，距离市区有20多公里，但出站后提供很多专线车，往返市内。 客车 有青藏、青新、青川等省内外交通干线，长途汽车通往省内外主要的市、县。西宁共有两个长途汽车站。各车站班次频密，车票并不紧张，只要提前一天购买便可。 西宁长途汽车站 是发往外省、外区最主要的车站。 电话：0971－7112094 地址：位于市区东部的建国路1号，在火车站以南约600米。 西宁新宁路汽车站 主要发往兰州和省内的塔尔寺、共和、乐都、湟源等地。 电话：0971-6155795 地址：位于市区中西部的新宁路和盐湖路交界处。 到达门源 门源距离西宁市100多公里，一般从西宁去往门源可以乘坐班车或者自驾包车前往。 公共交通 从西宁市长途客运站乘汽车到门源县浩门镇约5小时，票价36元，每小时都有班车。本人不推荐此方案：原因是景区地域太大，再加上时间上不方便啊！ 自驾最好是私车哦！ 如果没有的话也可以考虑下面的方案 从西宁市出发先走宁大高速S1到大通县，下高速进入G227国道，在达坂山收费站，青石嘴镇进入岗青公路一直东走便可以到达门源县中心浩门镇。整个行程约150公里，3个半小时行程。也可以选择找个靠谱师傅包车前往门源，一般一天游玩一个来回足够，整个包车费用在600元左右。 西宁市内租车推荐： 神州租车 地址：西宁市城东区花园北街3号省军区招待所院内北2楼 电话：4006166666 赢时通汽车租赁 地址：西宁市新宁路新宁花苑6号楼1043(新宁客运站旁) 当地风俗禁忌 藏族是全民信仰佛教的民族，入乡随俗，请务必尊重当地习俗。 1、青海湖是藏传佛教信徒心中的圣湖，不可以在圣湖里游泳，也不要触碰当地人祭海的物品。环湖最好按照当地习惯，顺时针环湖。 2、 献哈达是藏族待客规格最高的一种礼仪，表示对客人热烈的欢迎和诚挚的敬意。哈达以白色为主，亦有浅蓝色或淡黄色的，一般长约1.5米至2米。最好的是蓝、黄、白、绿、红五彩哈达，用于最高最隆重的仪式如佛事等； 3、喝酥油茶时，主人倒茶，客人要待主人双手捧到面前时，才能接过来喝；续杯时，客人须用双手把茶碗向前倾出，以表敬意； 4、藏族人一般不吃鱼虾、鸡肉和鸡蛋，不要勉强劝食，不过现在很多藏族人也开始吃了； 5、忌讳别人用手触摸头顶； 6、接待客人时，无论是行走还是言谈，总是让客人或长者为先，并使用敬语，如在名字后面加个："啦"字，以示尊敬和亲切，忌讳直呼其名。迎送客人，要躬腰曲膝，面带笑容。室内就坐，要盘腿端坐，不能双腿伸直，脚底朝人，不能东张西望。接受礼品，要双手去接。赠送礼品，要躬腰双手高举过头。敬茶，酒，烟时，要双手奉上，手指不能放进碗口。 关于高原反应 门源平均海拔2866米。部分人会在海拔3000米以上的地方产生高原反应症状，例如头晕、头疼、全身无力、失眠等，轻微的高反症状一般会在1-2天内随着身体对海拔的适应而消失。 关于高反的一些建议： 1. 行前禁止烟酒，避免劳累，可适当提前几天服用红景天等预防药品。感冒期间不宜去高原地区，容易引发肺水肿。 2. 无需体能锻炼，多吃蔬菜水果多喝水，保证睡眠，心态放松即可。 3. 轻微的高原反应会随着身体对海拔的适应而逐渐自愈，所以不要轻易吸氧，以免造成对氧气瓶的依赖，可服用高原安或西洋参等药品缓解。 4.经过海拔较高路段时，避免跑步、疾走和蹦跳。 蜜蜂蛰后紧急处理措施 门源油菜花资源太过丰富，无奈蜜蜂众多，穿梭油菜花田中难免会有狭路相逢的时候，结合大家以往的处理经验，给大家提供几个应急的处理措施，所谓有备而无患。 蜂毒主要含有蚁酸，神经毒和组胺。人被蛰伤后，主要是局部剧痛、灼热、红肿或水疱形成。被群蜂或毒力较大的黄蜂蛰伤后，症状较重，可出现头晕、头痛、恶寒、发热、烦躁、痉挛及晕厥等。少数可出现喉头水肿、气喘、呕吐、腹痛、心率增快、血压下降、休克和昏迷。被蜂蛰伤后，可采取以下方法急救： 1.立即在被蛰局部寻找到蜂针并拔除，然后再拔火罐吸出毒汁，减少毒素的吸收。 2.局部用3%氨水、5%碳酸氢钠溶液或肥皂水洗净。对黄蜂蛰伤则不用上药而局部涂涂以醋酸或食醋。 3.可在伤口周围涂南通蛇药或在下列草药中任选一种捣烂外敷，如紫花地丁、半边莲、七叶一枝花、蒲公英等。 有神志障碍、呼吸困难或血尿的重症病人，应尽快送医院治疗。([]
午夜影视日本亚州欧州一区
郑凯钧这几年俺们中国发明创造出了“躲猫猫死”、“激动死”、“喝水死”、“洗脸死”、“摔跤死”、“上厕所死”、“洗澡死”、“做恶梦死”、“针刺死”等多种死法，古时代的知识分子也只知道“茴香豆”都只有四种写法，百哓生的兵器谱上也只列出了七种至命武器。 回到公元二十世纪的1975年------1978年，当时在红色高棉大佬波尔布特统治下的柬埔寨还是很落后，统治者们给了大约17000名男人、女人、儿童只有二种死法，除了传统的“花生米死”，再就有为了节省宝贵的“花生米”而发明出的“棍棒死”。 在屋顶高耸、金碧辉煌的王宫注视下，17000名钟屋杀人场在被“花生米死”、“棍棒死”的柬埔寨人成就了129座巨大的坟墓（其中43座还未被挖掘），坟墓当中耸立着一座耀眼的白塔，那是为了纪念1975年-----1978年期间被红色高棉杀害的公民。白塔的玻璃板后面分层摆放着1980年在这里挖掘出来的8000多颗头骨，周边裸露的地表上到处散落着死者的牙齿、碎骨。正当那时俺们中国人日子好过些的时候，柬埔寨那边又开始折腾了，直至红色高棉倒台后才慢慢缓过气来。上一次和人结伴到柬埔寨总共只玩了六天，很赶。这次自己一个人就可以慢悠悠的游走，上次三月份时天天都是晴天，这次到好每天都在下雨，细雨中看吴哥窟到也有另外一份古朴风味。 ([]
未成年人禁止观看污染
杨淑博读万卷书不如行万里路, 行万里路不如阅人无数。－原著。焰火表演 竹子岛 竹子岛 西贡教堂 美奈渔村日落 大叻教堂 芽庄日出 芽庄教堂 芽庄教堂 芽庄日出 婆那加占婆塔 下面我用照片细细表明我的２６天行程。因图片大，请用"ctrl"+"-"调整页面大小吧。 下面就是我的一个月的泰国、越南行了（2014-2-6～3-3）。因为网站上关于泰国和越南帖子的功略内容已十分详尽，我也是借鉴大侠的功略做的行程，所以在此就不讲行程安排了。只把我的照片和感觉奉献给大家了。谢谢大家支持！ 到了清迈，一下飞机给我最大感受不是南北气候的差异，而是泰国人民的和善，我的十几年英语全是为考试而生的，到了用的时候真如同聋哑人一般，但机场内的人员及机场外的普通市民都给了我热情友好的帮助，没有在国内旅游时遭到的那般冷漠。 这让我忐忑的心稍稍放松了些---我家出行安排吃、喝、住、行、玩全是我安排，稍有怠慢就会遭到老婆和儿子的批斗，第一次出国尤其语言不通还是有些顾虑的。先换汇（按功略指导紫色ATM），出机场搭双条车１００铢到酒店，酒店在老城东北角距老城墙步行３分钟路程，到塔佩门步行约１５分钟（２天后才知道这么近，一直坐双条车的）。 到了酒店休整，我拿地图和功略研究了３个多小时也没得所以——晕，五点才出酒店。一天没正经吃东西了，奢侈一次吃顿正宗泰餐。餐厅环境很好，食品做得很精致，但味道不是我能享受的。餐厅环境很好 餐厅环境很好 色好味不好，我享受不了呵呵
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姜家荣本贴是小编在8264的处女贴，因为是个“生态学家”，所以必然先为大家介绍奇特的物种。小编酷爱野生动物，自然环境，以及相关的户外活动。曾亲身考察了各个洲的部分区域，将会以图文并茂的方式提供给大家不同当地物种与环境的知识，分享小编的个人经历。希望大家积极参与国外户外活动。如有不明处请不要犹豫询问小编，小编必定知无不言言无不尽。本帖主：山地大猩猩 Mountain Gorilla活动地点：东非 （Uganda乌干达，Rwanda卢旺达）主要景点：布温迪不可穿越的森林国家公园 （乌干达）Bwindi Impenetrable National Park https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1821265-pid-33537862.html 维龙加火山国家公园 （卢旺达）Virunga Volcanic National Park https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1821265-pid-33547215.html附加景点 伊丽莎白国家公园 (乌干达) Elizabeth National Parkhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1821265-pid-33494840.html维龙加山地形图，山脉横跨乌干达，卢旺达与刚果。直奔主吧，非洲“山地大猩猩”保守估计少于1000只，属于严重濒危物种（严重程度超过大熊猫与江豚）。分布在乌干达，卢旺达与刚果的国家公园境内，属纯野生动物。银背：一个家族的首领，当仁不让的保护者。 雄性在成年后，背部会长出银灰色的毛，身高大约在1.8米，体重200公斤，臂长2.3米，十分了得。 后背毛发短，手臂毛发长而茂密。小编不敢亲身体验他的力道，所以无从估计，实在抱歉！不过听公园管理员说，10个美式橄榄球运动员也不能抗衡一只银背. 看到我们一行人后，自觉提醒家族成员，是一位首领的任务。 行注目礼立刻抱起并保护幼崽。来几张局部特写 （虽然爬了5个小时的山，但是扛着大白镜头是完全正确的）看到我们并无敌意，开始悠哉的打盹了。 （估计是刚刚吃饱） 大猩猩咬力惊人，遇到敌人时一定会撕咬对方。哥们你是不是改减减肥了，看你腰间那游泳圈！呵，“沉思者”你这还玩起造型来了？ 看到我们一行人不停围着族群走动拍照，显得有些不耐烦了，开始咆哮！ （其实也就是打个哈气）仔细看上去，银背还是很帅的。雌性：哺育家族下一代的呵护者。体重几乎为雄性的一半：100公斤，身高1.3米，胸前有傲人的双峰，头部也比雄性小很多，容易区别。小编一行人里的妹子们！ 你们看人家多么汹涌澎湃！幼崽在母亲的怀里很安逸。特写： “你在想什么呢”？“小宝宝与妈妈” 这伟大的一刻让我抓拍下来了！ 我们这使劲的拍，你就不能关照一下吗？ 就知道睡！你表情那么凝重干嘛？雌性局部特写未完待续，还有幼崽，家族结构，国家公园风景，其他大草原上的动物的介绍，以及全部东非生态游的行程慨括。幼崽：活泼可爱，却命运不定的嬉戏者。猩猩幼崽喜爱玩耍，经常爬树，与其他幼崽摔跤，打闹，游戏。这样有助于他们的成长与学习，必要时成年雄性与雌性也会参加到游戏当中。爸爸说：“喂，你过去跟这帮人类打个招呼，注意点啊。”小家伙爬到离我们差不多2米的距离是，我旁边的小妹估计是有点害怕，站起身来要往后退。 当时银背就立起来了，我那个汗啊！ 预感要出事了，公园巡逻员立刻按住小妹让她蹲下，才避免了悲剧发生。还知道找妈妈要东西吃！幼年的猩猩活动量非常大，几乎没有闲着的时候，扒高上低让我们很难抓拍。算了，直接上嘴咬吧。小编一开始为什么说幼崽的命运是不定的呢？ 这就要从大猩猩的族群制度开始讲起了，首先一个族群只能有一个领头银背，4-7个左右的成年雌性，3-5个成年雄性 （也可能是首领银背的兄弟或儿子），其他为4岁以下的幼年猩猩。大猩猩没有领地性，哪里有实物就去哪里。偶尔遇到豹子之类的掠食者，银背会挺身而出，但是惧怕变色龙与鳄鱼等爬行类动物。当遇到另一个族群时，如果出现矛盾，银背会开始攻击对方的首领，直到死亡。当一个族群没有首领时，幼年的猩猩就会被新首领杀死，以保证自己与后代以后不受威胁，生物上称这种现象为 infanticide (杀婴）。 聊完山地大猩猩，那么开始介绍这一趟旅行的过程。我们做的是埃塞俄比亚航公公司的班级，大家也可以选择肯尼亚航空，这一点不详细介绍了。DAY 1： 乌干达首都： 坎帕拉。 听向导RICHARD 讲，坎帕拉有五个丘陵，分别成为一个镇区，当地的人民虽然在城里长大但是都有自己所属的部族。我们外国人当然分不清啦！也学了几句Swahili,但是现在全忘了。整个城区就是一个字，乱。毕竟经济不发达，而且自从1962年独立后也饱受国家民族内战，希望以后会慢慢好起来。以为独立之前是英殖民，所以公路上也是左行，偶尔能看见基座高楼，十字路口也会有白衣警察。80%多人都信奉基督，具体是天主教还是新教没有多问，也有伊斯兰教徒。在坎帕拉其中一个山丘俯瞰城区市里的清真寺([]
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